HOA Voting Rules by State
Comprehensive guide to HOA and condominium election laws in every state. Find your state's electronic voting authorization, quorum requirements, and key statutes.
HOA Election FAQ
These answers apply in every state. For statutes, quorum thresholds, and notice deadlines, open your state above.
With Vote.Direct, elections use simple flat-rate pricing with no per-vote charges. Free for up to 25 voters, $4.99 for 26–50 voters, $9.99 for 51–100 voters, $19.99 for 101–200 voters, $24.99 for 201–400 voters, $69.99 for 401–1,000 voters, $149.99 for 1,001–2,000 voters. Above 2,000 voters, talk to us. Email verification is included in every tier and SMS in every paid tier. Government ID verification is available as a $3.00/voter add-on. For comparison, mailing paper ballots to 100 members costs $78+ in postage alone, before printing and counting labor.
For contested elections or situations where impartiality matters, an independent administrator is often a smart move, and increasingly required by state law. Vote.Direct itself functions as that independent administrator: ballots are anonymous or sealed (stored with no link to the voter, with no running total visible to anyone — the organizer included — until the box opens at close), and every result is backed by a cryptographic audit trail. The platform, not a person inside your community, runs the election. If results are ever challenged, this software-administered process with formal results reporting and 7-year record retention provides strong evidence of a fair process.
Best practice is to retain HOA election records for at least 7 years. This covers most statutes of limitation for election challenges, property disputes, and fraud claims. Records to keep include: the official ballot, voter eligibility list, vote tallies, meeting minutes, notice of election, and any correspondence about the vote. Vote.Direct automatically retains all election records (ballots, verification data, timestamps, and the cryptographic audit trail) for 7 years, so you are covered without needing to manage document storage yourself.
Any vote your association conducts can generally be done online, as long as your governing documents permit electronic voting. Common types include: board of directors elections, bylaw amendments, CC&R amendments, special assessments, budget ratification, and recall elections. Each type may have different approval thresholds (simple majority, 2/3 supermajority, etc.) set by your bylaws or state law. Vote.Direct supports all of these, including multiple ballot questions in a single election, weighted voting for communities with different lot sizes, and ranked-choice voting for board seats. Set the approval threshold on the ballot question itself rather than on quorum: quorum counts how many owners vote at all, while the approval threshold sets the share that must vote yes. You choose whether that share is measured against the votes cast or against every eligible owner on the roster, which is what most CC&R amendment clauses and California Civil Code section 4270 mean and is the harder bar of the two. Concretely: in a hypothetical 214-lot association, call it Quillbrook Terrace, a two-thirds-of-all-owners amendment clause needs 143 yes votes no matter how many ballots come back, while a two-thirds-of-votes-cast clause with 150 ballots returned needs 100.
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This directory is general information, not legal advice. We recommend you do your own research and confirm anything you plan to act on. Each state page cites the statutes it relies on by section so you can read the primary source yourself rather than take our word for it — that is what the citations are for. Election requirements also turn on your own governing documents, which we have not seen, and statutes are amended. For advice about your community, consult a qualified attorney licensed in your state.
We work hard to verify every citation against the primary source, but laws change and errors happen. If you spot an inaccuracy, email [email protected] and we will correct it. See our editorial standards for how these pages are researched and checked.